Teacher materials guide formative assessment and feedback strategies for teachers during student-led discussions and presentations. The materials should guide teachers to assess students’ oral language abilities, content knowledge, and disciplinary practices and to determine how students need support in developing the concepts, practices, and oral language to express them.

Materials provide teacher guidance to avoid assumptions about a student’s background knowledge and language resources based on language proficiency scores or grades. Instead, teachers should receive guidance on how to formulate “just needed” questions that help students to understand the necessary background information or language forms/functions as required.