Materials help students make linguistic choices and adapt language use for various genres, contexts, purposes, and audiences.

Materials make explicit how language use is similar and different across content areas so that students understand how the language they learn during ELD could transfer to other academic tasks.

Questions and tasks ask students to reflect on how they are developing their own linguistic flexibility and complexity.

Materials provide opportunities for students to discuss the differences and similarities between their home language and English, and the benefits of using both. This includes explicit teaching of cognates, comparative analysis of the phonetic systems, vocabulary, and grammatical structures.

Materials include opportunities for students to figure out how language is used within real-world problem-solving and project-based learning.

Materials increase student agency by teaching problem-solving strategies for when they come across language that is unfamiliar or need to solve a communication problem.

Materials prompt students to identify patterns in language use and specific language features to support comprehension and communication across various contexts, purposes, audiences, and disciplines.

Materials support students to become critical users of text and to identify its bias and tone, analyze the quality of evidence it presents, consider context and author’s point of view, compare perspectives, and reflect on their own interpretation.